• Repeated lower respiratory tract infections can be caused by a range of clinical conditions.
  • Bronchiectasis is characterised by the radiological finding of dilated, non-tapering bronchi with thickened walls on a high-resolution Computerised Tomography (CT) scan of the thorax.
  • The associated clinical syndrome is characterised by frequent, usually daily, sputum production and repeated lower respiratory tract infections.
  • It has become evident, however, that the clinical syndrome can be present in the absence of the characteristic CT findings – this clinical syndrome has become known, variably, as Persistent Bacterial Bronchitis, Chronic Bronchial Sepsis, and Bronchiectasis with a normal CT scan.
  • Severity of radiological bronchiectasis does not correlate well with the severity of symptoms, and a holistic approach should be taken with assessment of bronchiectasis severity, with a number of validated scoring systems available e.g. The Bronchiectasis Severity Score.61
  • Guidance for referral to secondary care can be found in the BTS Guideline for Bronchiectasis in Adults.62