Base selection of migraine prophylaxis on age, gender and co-morbidity:

  • Propranolol is first-line unless contra-indicated by asthma, COPD, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure or depression.
  • Amitriptyline is first-line when migraine co-exists with troublesome tension-type headache, another chronic pain condition, disturbed sleep or depression.
  • Sodium valproate must not be used in women of child-bearing age (teratogenic potential) and those who are overweight.

Titrate over several weeks and continue for a further 3 months, then assess and discontinue if ineffective.

Other antiepileptic drugs for migraine prophylaxis, the use of which should be discussed with a specialist, include gabapentin off-label: refer to BNF for dosing instructions.

Flunarizine unlicensed is used under specialist advice in patients with episodic migraine with failure to, or side-effects from, classical preventative migraine therapy.

Guidelines:

PROPRANOLOL - (First line)

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Tablets 10mg, 40mg

Dosage:

40mg 2 to 3 times daily; maintenance 80 to 160mg daily.

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Modified release capsules 80mg, 160mg

Dosage:

maintenance 80 to 160mg daily.

AMITRIPTYLINE - (First line)

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Tablets 10mg, 25mg, 50mg

Dosage:

Migraine prophylaxis: initially 10mg at night, increased if necessary to maintenance of 50 to 75mg at night.
If amitriptyline is poorly tolerated consider nortriptyline.

NORTRIPTYLINE

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Tablets 10mg, 25mg

Dosage:

Migraine prophylaxis if amitriptyline is poorly tolerated off-label: initially 10mg at night, increased if necessary to maintenance of 50 to 75mg at night.

TOPIRAMATE

Important: Therapy notes


SPS article:  Using contraception with enzyme-inducing medicines (Feb 2023).

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Tablets 25mg, 50mg, 100mg

Dosage:

Migraine prophylaxis: initially 25mg at night for 1 week, increased in increments of 25mg/day at weekly intervals up to 50mg twice daily. Some patients may experience a benefit at 25mg twice daily. See SPC for dosing in renal impairment.

SODIUM VALPROATE

Important: Therapy notes

MHRA advice: Avoid in women of child-bearing age and those who are overweight (April 2018)(www.gov.uk).

Valproate medicines are contraindicated in women and girls of childbearing potential unless conditions of Pregnancy Prevention Programme are met (MHRA advice April 2018)

  • MHRA advice: Valproate (Belvo, Convulex, Depakote, Dyzantil, Epilim, Epilim Chrono or Chronosphere, Episenta, Epival, and Syonell): new safety and educational materials to support regulatory measures in men and women under 55 years of age (January 2024) (www.gov.uk).
  • National Patient Safety Alert: Valproate: organisations to prepare for new regulatory measures for oversight of prescribing to new patients and existing female patients (November 2023) (www.gov.uk).
  • MHRA advice: Valproate: dispense full packs of valproate-containing medicines (October 2023) (www.gov.uk).
  • MHRA advice: Valproate: reminder of current Pregnancy Prevention Programme requirements; information on new safety measures to be introduced in the coming months (December 2022) (www.gov.uk).
  • MHRA advice: Antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: updated advice following comprehensive safety review (January 2021) (www.gov.uk).
  • MHRA advice: Valproate (Epilim▼, Depakote▼) pregnancy prevention programme: updated educational materials (May 2020) (www.gov.uk).
  • MHRA advice: Valproate Pregnancy Prevention Programme: temporary advice for management during coronavirus (COVID-19) (February 2020) (www.gov.uk).
  • Risk Minimisation Materials
  • MHRA Drug Safety Update articles
  • MHRA advice: Antiepileptic drugs: updated advice on switching between different manufacturers’ products (November 2018) (www.gov.uk).

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Crushable tablets 100mg

Dosage:

Migraine prophylaxis: off-label, initially 200mg twice daily; doses up to 500mg twice daily are effective in most patients.

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Enteric coated tablets 200mg, 500mg

Dosage:

Migraine prophylaxis: off-label, initially 200mg twice daily; doses up to 500mg twice daily are effective in most patients.

PIZOTIFEN

Important: Therapy notes

Limited value in prophylaxis of migraine (SIGN 155). It may cause increased appetite and weight gain.  It can also cause drowsiness and so night-time dosing may help prevent day-time sedation. Use with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy.

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Tablets 500 micrograms, 1·5mg

Dosage:

Initially 500 micrograms at night increased gradually to usual dose of 1·5mg at night or in 3 divided doses; may be further increased up to maximum daily dose of 4·5mg (but rarely necessary), maximum single dose 3mg.

ERENUMAB

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Solution for injection in a pre-filled pen 70mg/mL (specialist initiation and supply only)

Dosage:

Prophylaxis of migraine in adults with chronic migraine, who have at least four migraine days per month and in whom at least three prior prophylactic treatments have failed.

Notes:

  • Patient education and training is provided at the Outpatient Clinic.
  • Follow-up checks (monthly for 3 months) by Outpatient Clinic to check efficacy and patient’s competency with self-injecting.
  • Follow-up phone consultation by specialist after 3 month trial to check efficacy.
  • Patients are to keep monthly migraine diary for the follow-up checks.

FREMANEZUMAB

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Solution for injection pre-filled syringes 225mg/1·5ml (hospital use only)

Dosage:

225mg once a month OR 675mg every three months.

See SMC advice 2226.

For prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least four migraine days per month.  

Notes:

SMC restriction: for the treatment of patients with chronic and episodic migraine who have had prior failure on three or more migraine preventive treatments.
Homecare is the preferred option - contact nhsh.homecare@nhs.scot.

GALCANEZUMAB

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Solution for injection pre-filled pens 120mg/ml (hospital use only)

Dosage:

240mg loading dose THEN 120mg injected subcutaneously once a month

Notes:

See SMC advice 2313.

Prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month.

SMC restriction: for the treatment of patients with chronic and episodic migraine who have had prior failure on three or more migraine preventive treatments.

EPTINEZUMAB

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Concentrate for solution for infusion 100mg (Restricted: hospital use only)

Dosage:

See SMC advice 2547: prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month.
SMC restriction: for patients with chronic and episodic migraine who have had prior failure on three or more migraine preventive treatments. 

ATOGEPANT

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Tablets 10mg, 60mg (Aquipta®) (Restricted: specialist initiation only)

Initiation and review in Secondary Care. May be prescribed in Primary Care for maintenance treatment only.

Dosage:

SMC2599: Prophylaxis of migraine in adults who have at least four migraine days per month.

  • SMC restriction: for patients with chronic and episodic migraine who have had prior failure on three or more migraine preventive treatments.

Notes:

Ordering atogepant:

  • Community Pharmacy: AbbVie direct or Phoenix Healthcare
  • Hospital: Direct from AbbVie.

AbbVie Direct ordering contact details:

Customer Services
Tel: 0800 783 1699
Email: orders.kr@abbvie.com 

RIMEGEPANT

Important: Therapy notes

Important: Formulation and dosage details

Formulation:

Oral lyophilisate 75mg (Vydura®) (Restricted: Specialist initiation only)

Initiation and review in Secondary Care. May be prescribed in Primary Care for maintenance treatment only.

Dosage:

SMC2603: For the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults who have at least four migraine attacks per month.

SMC restriction: for patients with episodic migraine who have at least 4 migraine attacks per month, but fewer than 15 headache days per month and who have had prior failure on three or more migraine preventive treatments.

Editorial Information

Document Id: F069